Male athletes showed significantly higher win orientation levels than female athletes. Results revealed no significant differences between optimistic and pessimistic athletes on win orientation, goal orientation, and competitiveness. Separate independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs were used to determine if differences existed between groups. One scoring technique allows an individual to be classified on both characteristics, while the other treats the trait as a bipolar dimension. ![]() Due to recent discussions in the optimism and pessimism (O/P) literature, O/P scores were calculated using two separate scoring techniques. University athletes (N=259) from 15 different teams (women's = softball & volleyball men's = baseball, football, golf men's & women's = soccer, swimming, tennis, cross country, basketball) were administered the Life Orientation Test-Revised (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) and the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (Gill & Deeter, 1988). A secondary purpose was to determine whether optimism, pessimism, and sport orientation differ between gender, race, age, athletic grade classification, type of sport, and scholarship type. More generally, this study compared whether optimistic and pessimistic college athletes differ in sport orientation. The purpose of this exploratory investigation was to examine the relationship between optimism and pessimism and sport orientation (competitiveness, win orientation, and goal orientation) in intercollegiate athletes from a southeastern university.
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